Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Economia e Produzione Industriale, Geopolitica Militare, Problemi militari, Senza categoria

Guerra. Vince chi ha prodotto le scorte, non chi le produrrà. La potenza industriale è una arma.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2023-02-23.

Giulio Romano. Palazzo Gonzaga. Sala dei giganti. 003

Una traduzione in lingua italiana è riportata in calce.

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The Washington Examiner published a mammoth article dealing with the crux of the relationship between industrial production and the ability to achieve military victory.

Great merit of this article is to have focused on the importance of time: nothing is instantaneous and everything takes a longer or shorter period to be produced and made available.

Synthesized to the extreme, as soon as a war takes shape, it is fought with available weapons, at least as long as supplies exist. Then one is simply disarmed.

In past eras, the time to make bayonets or musket barrels was quite short. In contrast in today’s systems many weapon systems take years to produce.

Designing and building surface-to-air missiles or aircraft carriers takes years.

But any weapon without adequate ammunition support is unusable. But munitions production is also subject to the tyranny of time.

The history of conflicts teaches that supplies are always insufficient. Punctually, even in the Ukrainian conflict the lack of ammunition availability determines its becoming.

In the end, whoever had sufficient supplies of men, weapons and ammunition wins.

“The history of failure in war can be summed up in two words: too late.”

“History has shown that once-great nations that have neglected their national defense are dust and ash.”

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«The bad news first: The country’s defense industrial base is hollowed out, leaving the United States without the weapons that it would need in future conflicts and barely able to maintain a precarious peace in the near term.»

«The good news: The problem is fixable, and doing so would not only strengthen America’s defenses but boost the economy by creating durable jobs.»

«We simply don’t have the industrial capacity to maintain our current policy menu indefinitely, which includes aiding Ukraine in its war against Russian aggression and boosting Taiwan to forestall an invasion from China.»

«U.S. would likely run through its stockpile of long-range anti-ship missiles, or LRASMs, a weapon that would likely be used in any showdown with China, in less than a week. CSIS ran war games that showed the U.S. would deplete many key precision-guided munitions in a very short time frame.»

«Most modern wars are wars of attrition. A protracted conflict would likely take America to its breaking point, possibly leaving it without the means to fight and supply its forces. Such occurrences are not unheard-of. And they are not without severe political ramifications.»

«How do you effectively deter if you don’t have sufficient stockpiles of the kind of munitions you’re going to need in a China-Taiwan Strait kind of scenario?»

«For the past quarter of a century, the U.S. has been mired in asymmetrical conflicts, primarily with nonstate actors such as al Qaeda and the Islamic State or with third-rate armies such as Iraq’s. These are hardly enemies that compare to the military and economic power of the Chinese Communist Party of today. Yet both the Biden and Trump administrations have correctly recognized that the world has reentered an era of great power conflict, with America and Europe facing threats from Russia and China. But our defense industrial base has yet to adjust. The U.S. is also dipping into stockpiles in South Korea to help arm Ukraine.»

«Stockpiles in the United States have become strained and American arms makers have not been able to keep up with the pace of Ukraine’s battlefield operations. It might take as long as three to seven years to replenish certain munitions that are now being used in Ukraine. The defense sector consolidated substantially, transitioning from 51 to 5 aerospace and defense. Now, for example, 90% of missiles come from a mere three sources»

«History has proved that nations once great that neglected their national defense are dust and ashes. As Adolf Hitler’s Germany and Imperial Japan increased their defense spending, the Western democracies of France, Germany, and the U.S. cut theirs. In the event of a Sino-American conflict over Taiwan, time is a luxury that the U.S. might not have. As one secretary of defense famously said : “You go to war with the Army that you have, not the Army that you might want or wish to have at a later time.” This is particularly true when it comes to the defense industrial base, which can’t be built overnight.»

«Multiyear contracting for munitions would alleviate some of the fears of companies, allowing them to produce needed arms without incurring undue risks. Indeed, such a strategy was critical to harnessing its industrial strength on the eve of World War II. The U.S. must incentivize industry, cut red tape, and promote innovation.»

«As Jacob Helberg, the newly appointed commissioner of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, observed, The decline of American manufacturing jobs and the rise of China as a manufacturing powerhouse has had profound consequences for U.S. national security. It is, he lamented in 2021, shocking how reliant the U.S. military is on Chinese production.»

«The history of failure in war can be summed up in two words: Too late»

* * * * * * *


Manufacturing victory.

February 10, 2023.

There is good news and bad news in American foreign policy . The bad news first: The country’s defense industrial base is hollowed out, leaving the United States without the weapons that it would need in future conflicts and barely able to maintain a precarious peace in the near term.

The good news: The problem is fixable, and doing so would not only strengthen America’s defenses but boost the economy by creating durable jobs.

On all fronts, in other words, America would stop writing checks it can’t cash.

We simply don’t have the industrial capacity to maintain our current policy menu indefinitely, which includes aiding Ukraine in its war against Russian aggression and boosting Taiwan to forestall an invasion from China.

Indeed, a new report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a think tank in Washington, D.C., detailed the challenges facing the defense industrial base. That study , titled “Empty Bins in a Wartime Environment,” concluded that “in the event of a major regional conflict — such as war with China in the Taiwan Strait — the U.S. use of munitions would likely exceed the current stockpiles of the U.S. Department of Defense.”

Some of the report’s findings are bleak.

Seth Jones, the senior vice president of CSIS and the author of the report, said the U.S. would likely run through its stockpile of long-range anti-ship missiles, or LRASMs, a weapon that would likely be used in any showdown with China, in less than a week. CSIS ran war games that showed the U.S. would deplete many key precision-guided munitions in a very short time frame. This occurred, Jones noted , in “virtually every” iteration of the war games.

This is disturbing. As the historian Cathal J. Nolan convincingly argued in his 2017 book, The Allure of Battle, most modern wars are wars of attrition. A protracted conflict would likely take America to its breaking point, possibly leaving it without the means to fight and supply its forces. Such occurrences are not unheard-of. And they are not without severe political ramifications.

In World War I, for example, this happened to Russia and Great Britain. The czar’s inability to field arms properly contributed to the public’s loss of faith in his rule. And the so-called Shell Crisis of 1915, in which British forces had to contend with a shortage of artillery shells, became a scandal that weakened Prime Minister Henry Asquith and led to the rise of his successor, the former Minister of Munitions David Lloyd George.

It’s not just about offense. This problem erodes a country’s ability to prevent war. As Jones noted: “How do you effectively deter if you don’t have sufficient stockpiles of the kind of munitions you’re going to need in a China-Taiwan Strait kind of scenario?”

“The defense industrial base,” Jones has said, “is not prepared for the security environment that now exists.” At present, he warned , the U.S. defense industrial base is operating on a “peacetime footing” that is hardly adequate for the challenges of today, much less those on the horizon. Indeed, those threats are of a different caliber and magnitude than what the U.S. has encountered in recent years.

For the past quarter of a century, the U.S. has been mired in asymmetrical conflicts, primarily with nonstate actors such as al Qaeda and the Islamic State or with third-rate armies such as Iraq’s. These are hardly enemies that compare to the military and economic power of the Chinese Communist Party of today.

Indeed, the U.S. military hasn’t fought a war with industrialized nation-state competitors since World War II. Yet both the Biden and Trump administrations have correctly recognized that the world has reentered an era of great power conflict, with America and Europe facing threats from Russia and China. But our defense industrial base has yet to adjust.

As the New York Times reported on Jan. 18, in recent months the U.S. has begun to transfer weapons from stockpiles in Israel to Ukraine. The weapons are stored as part of an agreement in which Israel can request access to the weapons, should it run low — which happened during wars in 2006 and 2014. But otherwise, the stockpiles are only accessible to U.S. military personnel. The U.S. has also requested that the Jewish state transfer its Hawk missiles, which are in storage in the event that they need to be refurbished and used, to Ukraine. The U.S. is also dipping into stockpiles in South Korea to help arm Ukraine.

“Stockpiles in the United States,” the report said, “have become strained and American arms makers have not been able to keep up with the pace of Ukraine’s battlefield operations.” The CSIS study noted that it might take as long as three to seven years to replenish certain munitions that are now being used in Ukraine. With some top U.S. military officials predicting a Chinese invasion of Taiwan by 2025, the U.S. might not have that long. Indeed, there is now a nearly $19 billion backlog in U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.

On Jan. 11, Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro warned that if the defense industry didn’t boost production, arming both the U.S. and Ukraine would soon become “challenging.” Del Toro was responding to comments made by Adm. Daryl Caudle, the head of U.S. Fleet Forces Command, at a Surface Navy Association conference. Caudle openly worried that “the Navy might get to the point where it has to make the decision whether it needs to arm itself or arm Ukraine.” That these officials felt compelled to voice their concerns publicly speaks volumes about how perilous the situation has become.

Nor are they alone.

In April 2022, Deputy Defense Secretary Kathleen Hicks warned of a “substantial decline” in competition in the defense industrial base. Hicks lamented that the U.S. is reliant on a mere “five prime contractors” and called for greater “competition.” Indeed, a February 2022 Pentagon report singled out the 1990s as a time in which “the defense sector consolidated substantially, transitioning from 51 to 5 aerospace and defense” contractors. Now, for example, 90% of missiles come from a mere three sources. The number of suppliers in major weapons systems categories has “declined substantially,” the Pentagon study noted.

Ironically, the U.S. is now suffering from the aftereffects of the “unipolar moment” of the 1990s when America was the sole, uncontested world power after the Soviet Union’s collapse. Those heady days are now gone, as even top administration officials have conceded.

During the 2022 rollout of the administration’s national security strategy, Biden national security adviser Jake Sullivan echoed Hicks’s concerns. Sullivan noted the importance of making “far-reaching investments” in the nation’s “industrial and innovation base.”

                         Policymakers are right to be worried.

“History has proved that nations once great that neglected their national defense are dust and ashes,” Gen. Douglas MacArthur warned in 1935. MacArthur was then serving as the Army’s chief of staff, battling with Congress over defense budget cuts amid the Great Depression.

As Adolf Hitler’s Germany and Imperial Japan increased their defense spending, the Western democracies of France, Germany, and the U.S. cut theirs.

Yet the Depression alone wasn’t responsible for the sorry state of military readiness on the eve of World War II. The U.S. has often rapidly drawn down its forces after conflict, including after World War I and, in later years, after both World War II and Operation Desert Storm. At the end of World War I in 1918, the U.S. had the fourth-largest army in the world. By the late 1930s, it was 18th — just ahead of the Netherlands.

When then-Brig. Gen. George Patton took over the Army’s 2nd Armored Brigade in the months before Hitler invaded Poland, it had a mere 325 tanks, compared to Nazi Germany’s 2,000. Patton even had to use a Sears and Roebuck catalog to order nuts and bolts for the tanks as the Army’s quartermaster was unable to supply them. As historian Arthur Herman detailed in his book Freedom’s Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, at the time, the Army had just six working arsenals to manufacture weapons. Eighty-five percent of the machines in those arsenals were over 10 years old, with some stretching back to the 1860s and the Civil War.

As Herman chronicled, it took American ingenuity and government-backed incentives to unleash the country’s industrial might, providing the U.S. and its allies with the “arsenal of democracy” that proved key to victory. But history offers another warning, as well.

The U.S. didn’t start to arm seriously until 1938 — three years before Pearl Harbor. And it was still woefully unprepared and underarmed in the beginning stages of that conflict. Indeed, it didn’t have the means to launch a full-scale invasion of Hitler’s Fortress Europe until the summer of 1944. Absent the use of nuclear weapons, many military planners didn’t think an invasion of mainland Japan would be possible until 1946 at the earliest.

Importantly, the U.S. also had key allies in World War II, such as the Soviet Union and the British Empire, which could tie down their opponents. And even at the war’s opening stages, the U.S. dwarfed Japan as an industrial power. Also: Many of the key American defense industrial planners in World War II had learned from the bitter experiences of World War I, when the U.S. was similarly late to mobilize — and when many arms and material didn’t reach Europe until after the fighting was over.

The U.S. was late to enter both world wars, giving its industrial powers time to gear up and prepare. And it was not initially the primary combatant. Suffice it to say: These are not advantages that the U.S. currently possesses.

In the event of a Sino-American conflict over Taiwan, time is a luxury that the U.S. might not have. As one secretary of defense famously said : “You go to war with the Army that you have, not the Army that you might want or wish to have at a later time.” This is particularly true when it comes to the defense industrial base, which can’t be built overnight.

Encouragingly, there is growing awareness of the deterioration of the defense industrial base. And concern is bipartisan. Lawmakers as ideologically diverse as Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA) and Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO), among others, have called to revitalize our nation’s industrial base to better safeguard U.S. interests.

Multiyear contracting for munitions would alleviate some of the fears of companies, allowing them to produce needed arms without incurring undue risks. Indeed, such a strategy was critical to harnessing its industrial strength on the eve of World War II. The U.S. must incentivize industry, cut red tape, and promote innovation.

“Spending more money,” defense strategist Elbridge Colby said , “isn’t necessarily the answer.” Competition is. And that is something that America has historically excelled at. As British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey observed during World War I: “America is like a giant boiler” — once the fire is lit, “there is no limit to the power that it can generate.” That fire needs to be lit — and fast.

As Jacob Helberg, the newly appointed commissioner of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, observed, “The decline of American manufacturing jobs and the rise of China as a manufacturing powerhouse” has had “profound consequences for U.S. national security.” It is, he lamented in 2021, “shocking how reliant the U.S. military is on Chinese production.” The U.S. must reduce its dependency on the manufacturing capabilities of hostile nations. This is common sense that needs to be more common.

The past few years have shown the importance of supply chains and the need to reshore critical materials. This will mean more investment upfront. But it will also mean more jobs for the U.S. and key allies.

Finally, the very definition of the defense industrial base needs to be expanded to include areas beyond armaments. The growing importance of rare earth metals, which are key to defense technologies, has been belatedly recognized. But China’s chokehold on the production of basic drugs, including penicillin and blood pressure medication, gives Beijing leverage that could allow it to shut down U.S. hospitals — or hamper the fighting ability of American fleets and fighting men and women.

It is incumbent upon both U.S. officials and businesses to do what’s necessary to avert a looming disaster. As MacArthur told journalist Theodore White in 1940: “The history of failure in war can be summed up in two words: Too late.”

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Il Washington Examiner ha pubblicato un mastodontico articolo che tratta il punto cruciale dei rapporti tra produzione industriale e capacità di conseguire la vittoria militare.

Grande merito di questo articolo è quello di aver messo a fuoco la importanza del tempo: nulla è istantaneo e tutto richiede un periodo più o meno lungo per essere prodotto e reso disponibile.

Sintetizzando allo estremo, appena prende corpo una guerra, essa è combattuta con le armi disponibili, almeno fino a tanto che esistono scorte. Poi si è semplicemente disarmati.

Nelle epoche passate i tempi di fabbricazione di baionette oppure di canne di moschetto erano alquanto brevi. Al contrario nei sistemi odierni molti sistemi di arma necessitano di anni per essere prodotti.

Progettare e costruire missili terra aria oppure portaerei richiede degli anni.

Ma ogni qualsiasi arma senza un adeguato supporto di munizioni è inutilizzabile. Ma anche la produzione delle munizioni è soggetta alla tirannia del tempo.

La storia dei conflitti insegna che le scorte siano sempre insufficienti. Puntualmente, anche nel conflitto ukraino la carenza di disponibilità di munizioni ne determina il divenire.

Alla fine vince chi abbia avuto scorte sufficienti di uomini, armi e munizioni.

«The history of failure in war can be summed up in two words: Too late»

«La storia ha dimostrato che le nazioni un tempo grandi che hanno trascurato la loro difesa nazionale sono polvere e cenere.»

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                         Prima le cattive notizie: La base industriale della difesa del paese è stata svuotata, lasciando gli Stati Uniti senza le armi di cui avrebbero bisogno nei conflitti futuri e a malapena in grado di mantenere una pace precaria nel breve termine.

                         La buona notizia: Il problema è risolvibile, e farlo non solo rafforzerebbe le difese americane, ma stimolerebbe l’economia creando posti di lavoro duraturi.

Semplicemente non abbiamo la capacità industriale per mantenere a tempo indeterminato il nostro attuale menu politico, che comprende l’aiuto all’Ucraina nella sua guerra contro l’aggressione russa e il sostegno a Taiwan per prevenire un’invasione da parte della Cina.

                         Gli Stati Uniti potrebbero esaurire le loro scorte di missili antinave a lungo raggio, o LRASM, un’arma che verrebbe probabilmente utilizzata in una prova di forza con la Cina, in meno di una settimana. Il CSIS ha condotto giochi di guerra che hanno dimostrato che gli Stati Uniti avrebbero esaurito molte munizioni a guida di precisione in un arco di tempo molto breve.

                         La maggior parte delle guerre moderne sono guerre di logoramento. Un conflitto prolungato porterebbe probabilmente l’America al suo punto di rottura, lasciandola probabilmente senza i mezzi per combattere e rifornire le sue forze. Tali eventi non sono inauditi. E non sono privi di gravi ramificazioni politiche.

                         Come si fa a fare un’efficace deterrenza se non si hanno scorte sufficienti del tipo di munizioni di cui si ha bisogno in uno scenario del tipo Stretto Cina-Taiwan?.

                         Nell’ultimo quarto di secolo, gli Stati Uniti sono rimasti impantanati in conflitti asimmetrici, principalmente con attori non statali come Al Qaeda e lo Stato Islamico o con eserciti di terza categoria come quello iracheno. Non si tratta certo di nemici paragonabili alla potenza militare ed economica dell’attuale Partito Comunista Cinese. Tuttavia, sia l’amministrazione Biden che quella Trump hanno correttamente riconosciuto che il mondo è rientrato in un’era di conflitti tra grandi potenze, con l’America e l’Europa che devono affrontare le minacce di Russia e Cina. Ma la nostra base industriale della difesa non si è ancora adeguata. Gli Stati Uniti stanno anche attingendo alle scorte in Corea del Sud per aiutare ad armare l’Ucraina.

                         Le scorte negli Stati Uniti si sono esaurite e i produttori di armi americani non sono stati in grado di tenere il passo con il ritmo delle operazioni sul campo di battaglia dell’Ucraina. Potrebbero essere necessari dai tre ai sette anni per rifornire alcune munizioni che vengono ora utilizzate in Ucraina. Il settore della difesa si è consolidato in modo sostanziale, passando da 51 a 5 aziende del settore aerospaziale e della difesa. Ora, ad esempio, il 90% dei missili proviene da sole tre fonti.

                         La storia ha dimostrato che le nazioni un tempo grandi che hanno trascurato la loro difesa nazionale sono polvere e cenere. Mentre la Germania di Adolf Hitler e il Giappone imperiale aumentavano le spese per la difesa, le democrazie occidentali di Francia, Germania e Stati Uniti tagliavano le loro. In caso di conflitto sino-americano su Taiwan, il tempo è un lusso che gli Stati Uniti potrebbero non avere. Come disse notoriamente un segretario alla Difesa: Si va in guerra con l’esercito che si ha, non con quello che si potrebbe volere o desiderare di avere in un secondo momento. Questo è particolarmente vero quando si tratta della base industriale della difesa, che non può essere costruita dall’oggi al domani.

                         La contrattazione pluriennale per le munizioni allevierebbe alcuni dei timori delle aziende, consentendo loro di produrre le armi necessarie senza incorrere in rischi eccessivi. In effetti, una simile strategia è stata fondamentale per sfruttare la propria forza industriale alla vigilia della Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Gli Stati Uniti devono incentivare l’industria, ridurre la burocrazia e promuovere l’innovazione.

                         Come ha osservato Jacob Helberg, recentemente nominato commissario della Commissione di revisione economica e di sicurezza USA-Cina, il declino dei posti di lavoro nel settore manifatturiero americano e l’ascesa della Cina come potenza manifatturiera hanno avuto profonde conseguenze per la sicurezza nazionale degli Stati Uniti. È scioccante, ha lamentato nel 2021, la dipendenza dell’esercito americano dalla produzione cinese.

                         La storia del fallimento in guerra può essere riassunta in due parole: Troppo tardi.

* * * * * * *

Vittoria della produzione.

10 febbraio 2023.

Ci sono notizie buone e cattive nella politica estera americana. Prima le cattive notizie: La base industriale della difesa del Paese è stata svuotata, lasciando gli Stati Uniti senza le armi di cui avrebbero bisogno nei conflitti futuri e a malapena in grado di mantenere una pace precaria nel breve termine.

La buona notizia: Il problema è risolvibile, e farlo non solo rafforzerebbe le difese americane, ma stimolerebbe l’economia creando posti di lavoro duraturi.

Su tutti i fronti, in altre parole, l’America smetterebbe di firmare assegni che non può incassare.

Semplicemente non abbiamo la capacità industriale per mantenere all’infinito il nostro attuale menu politico, che comprende l’aiuto all’Ucraina nella sua guerra contro l’aggressione russa e il sostegno a Taiwan per prevenire un’invasione da parte della Cina.

Un nuovo rapporto del Center for Strategic and International Studies, un think tank di Washington, ha descritto in dettaglio le sfide che la base industriale della difesa deve affrontare. Lo studio, intitolato “Empty Bins in a Wartime Environment”, conclude che “nell’eventualità di un grande conflitto regionale – come una guerra con la Cina nello Stretto di Taiwan – l’uso di munizioni da parte degli Stati Uniti supererebbe probabilmente le attuali scorte del Dipartimento della Difesa americano”.

Alcuni dei risultati del rapporto sono sconfortanti.

Seth Jones, vicepresidente senior del CSIS e autore del rapporto, ha affermato che gli Stati Uniti probabilmente esaurirebbero le loro scorte di missili antinave a lungo raggio, o LRASM, un’arma che verrebbe probabilmente utilizzata in qualsiasi scontro con la Cina, in meno di una settimana. Il CSIS ha condotto giochi di guerra che hanno dimostrato che gli Stati Uniti avrebbero esaurito molte munizioni a guida di precisione in un arco di tempo molto breve. Questo si è verificato, ha osservato Jones, in “praticamente ogni” iterazione dei giochi di guerra.

Questo è inquietante. Come ha sostenuto in modo convincente lo storico Cathal J. Nolan nel suo libro del 2017, The Allure of Battle, la maggior parte delle guerre moderne sono guerre di logoramento. Un conflitto prolungato porterebbe probabilmente l’America al suo punto di rottura, lasciandola probabilmente senza i mezzi per combattere e rifornire le sue forze. Tali eventi non sono inauditi. E non sono privi di gravi ramificazioni politiche.

Nella Prima Guerra Mondiale, ad esempio, questo accadde alla Russia e alla Gran Bretagna. L’incapacità dello zar di schierare correttamente le armi contribuì alla perdita di fiducia del pubblico nel suo governo. E la cosiddetta crisi delle granate del 1915, in cui le forze britanniche dovettero far fronte a una carenza di proiettili d’artiglieria, divenne uno scandalo che indebolì il Primo Ministro Henry Asquith e portò all’ascesa del suo successore, l’ex Ministro delle Munizioni David Lloyd George.

Non si tratta solo di offesa. Questo problema erode la capacità di un Paese di prevenire la guerra. Come ha notato Jones: “Come si fa a fare deterrenza in modo efficace se non si hanno scorte sufficienti del tipo di munizioni di cui si ha bisogno in uno scenario del tipo Stretto Cina-Taiwan?”.

“La base industriale della difesa”, ha detto Jones, “non è preparata per l’ambiente di sicurezza che esiste ora”. Attualmente, ha avvertito, la base industriale della difesa degli Stati Uniti opera su una “base in tempo di pace” che difficilmente è adeguata alle sfide di oggi, tanto meno a quelle che si profilano all’orizzonte. In effetti, queste minacce sono di un calibro e di una portata diversi da quelli che gli Stati Uniti hanno incontrato negli ultimi anni.

Nell’ultimo quarto di secolo, gli Stati Uniti sono stati impantanati in conflitti asimmetrici, principalmente con attori non statali come al-Qaeda e lo Stato Islamico o con eserciti di terza categoria come quello iracheno. Non si tratta certo di nemici paragonabili alla potenza militare ed economica dell’attuale Partito Comunista Cinese.

In effetti, le forze armate statunitensi non hanno combattuto una guerra con Stati nazionali industrializzati concorrenti dalla Seconda guerra mondiale. Tuttavia, sia l’amministrazione Biden che quella Trump hanno correttamente riconosciuto che il mondo è rientrato in un’era di conflitti tra grandi potenze, con l’America e l’Europa che devono affrontare le minacce di Russia e Cina. Ma la nostra base industriale della difesa non si è ancora adeguata.

Come ha riportato il New York Times il 18 gennaio, negli ultimi mesi gli Stati Uniti hanno iniziato a trasferire armi dalle scorte in Israele all’Ucraina. Le armi sono stoccate nell’ambito di un accordo in base al quale Israele può richiedere l’accesso alle armi in caso di esaurimento delle scorte, come è accaduto durante le guerre del 2006 e del 2014. Per il resto, le scorte sono accessibili solo al personale militare statunitense. Gli Stati Uniti hanno anche chiesto che lo Stato ebraico trasferisca in Ucraina i suoi missili Hawk, che sono in deposito nel caso in cui debbano essere ristrutturati e utilizzati. Gli Stati Uniti stanno anche attingendo alle scorte della Corea del Sud per aiutare l’Ucraina ad armarsi.

“Le scorte negli Stati Uniti”, si legge nel rapporto, “si sono ridotte e i produttori di armi americani non sono stati in grado di tenere il passo con il ritmo delle operazioni sul campo di battaglia dell’Ucraina”. Lo studio del CSIS ha rilevato che potrebbero essere necessari dai tre ai sette anni per rifornire alcune munizioni che vengono attualmente utilizzate in Ucraina. Con alcuni alti funzionari militari statunitensi che prevedono un’invasione cinese di Taiwan entro il 2025, gli Stati Uniti potrebbero non avere tutto questo tempo. In effetti, attualmente c’è un arretrato di quasi 19 miliardi di dollari nella vendita di armi a Taiwan.

L’11 gennaio, il Segretario della Marina Carlos Del Toro ha avvertito che se l’industria della difesa non aumenterà la produzione, armare sia gli Stati Uniti che l’Ucraina diventerà presto “impegnativo”. Del Toro stava rispondendo ai commenti fatti dall’ammiraglio Daryl Caudle, capo del Comando delle forze della flotta statunitense, durante una conferenza dell’Associazione della Marina di Superficie. Caudle temeva apertamente che “la Marina potrebbe arrivare al punto di dover decidere se armare se stessa o l’Ucraina”. Il fatto che questi ufficiali si siano sentiti in dovere di esprimere pubblicamente le loro preoccupazioni la dice lunga su quanto sia diventata pericolosa la situazione.

E non sono nemmeno i soli.

Nell’aprile del 2022, il vice segretario alla Difesa Kathleen Hicks ha avvertito di un “sostanziale declino” della concorrenza nella base industriale della difesa. Hicks ha lamentato il fatto che gli Stati Uniti si affidano a soli “cinque appaltatori principali” e ha chiesto una maggiore “concorrenza”. In effetti, un rapporto del Pentagono del febbraio 2022 ha indicato gli anni ’90 come un periodo in cui “il settore della difesa si è consolidato in modo sostanziale, passando da 51 a 5 appaltatori del settore aerospaziale e della difesa”. Ora, ad esempio, il 90% dei missili proviene da sole tre fonti. Il numero di fornitori nelle principali categorie di sistemi d’arma è “diminuito sostanzialmente”, si legge nello studio del Pentagono.

Ironia della sorte, gli Stati Uniti stanno soffrendo le conseguenze del “momento unipolare” degli anni ’90, quando l’America era l’unica potenza mondiale incontrastata dopo il crollo dell’Unione Sovietica. Quei giorni di gloria sono ormai passati, come hanno ammesso anche gli alti funzionari dell’amministrazione.

Durante la presentazione della strategia di sicurezza nazionale del 2022, il consigliere per la sicurezza nazionale di Biden Jake Sullivan ha fatto eco alle preoccupazioni di Hicks. Sullivan ha sottolineato l’importanza di fare “investimenti di vasta portata” nella “base industriale e innovativa” della nazione.

I politici hanno ragione ad essere preoccupati.

“La storia ha dimostrato che le nazioni un tempo grandi che hanno trascurato la loro difesa nazionale sono polvere e cenere”, avvertì il generale Douglas MacArthur nel 1935. All’epoca MacArthur era il capo di stato maggiore dell’esercito e stava lottando con il Congresso per i tagli al bilancio della difesa durante la Grande Depressione.

Mentre la Germania di Adolf Hitler e il Giappone imperiale aumentavano le spese per la difesa, le democrazie occidentali di Francia, Germania e Stati Uniti tagliavano le loro.

Tuttavia, la Depressione non è stata la sola responsabile del triste stato di preparazione militare alla vigilia della Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Gli Stati Uniti hanno spesso ridotto rapidamente le proprie forze dopo un conflitto, anche dopo la prima guerra mondiale e, negli anni successivi, dopo la seconda guerra mondiale e l’operazione Desert Storm. Alla fine della Prima Guerra Mondiale, nel 1918, gli Stati Uniti avevano il quarto esercito più grande del mondo. Alla fine degli anni ’30 erano al 18° posto, appena davanti ai Paesi Bassi.

Quando l’allora generale di brigata George Patton prese il comando della 2a brigata corazzata dell’esercito nei mesi precedenti l’invasione della Polonia da parte di Hitler, questa disponeva di appena 325 carri armati, rispetto ai 2.000 della Germania nazista. Patton dovette persino usare un catalogo di Sears and Roebuck per ordinare dadi e bulloni per i carri armati, poiché il quartier generale dell’esercito non era in grado di fornirli. Come ha spiegato lo storico Arthur Herman nel suo libro Freedom’s Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, all’epoca l’esercito aveva solo sei arsenali funzionanti per la produzione di armi. L’85% delle macchine in quegli arsenali aveva più di 10 anni, e alcune risalivano agli anni ’60 del XIX secolo e alla Guerra Civile.

Come racconta Herman, ci sono voluti l’ingegno americano e gli incentivi governativi per liberare la potenza industriale del Paese, fornendo agli Stati Uniti e ai loro alleati l'”arsenale della democrazia” che si è rivelato fondamentale per la vittoria. Ma la storia offre anche un altro avvertimento.

Gli Stati Uniti iniziarono ad armarsi seriamente solo nel 1938, tre anni prima di Pearl Harbor. E nelle fasi iniziali di quel conflitto erano ancora tristemente impreparati e sottoarmati. Infatti, non aveva i mezzi per lanciare un’invasione su larga scala della fortezza Europa di Hitler fino all’estate del 1944. Senza l’uso di armi nucleari, molti pianificatori militari pensavano che un’invasione del Giappone continentale sarebbe stata possibile non prima del 1946.

È importante notare che gli Stati Uniti avevano anche alleati chiave nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale, come l’Unione Sovietica e l’Impero Britannico, in grado di tenere sotto scacco gli avversari. Inoltre, anche nelle fasi iniziali della guerra, gli Stati Uniti erano superiori al Giappone come potenza industriale. Inoltre: Molti dei principali pianificatori industriali della difesa americana nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale avevano imparato dall’amara esperienza della Prima Guerra Mondiale, quando gli Stati Uniti si mobilitarono altrettanto tardi – e molti armamenti e materiali arrivarono in Europa solo dopo la fine dei combattimenti.

Gli Stati Uniti entrarono in ritardo in entrambe le guerre mondiali, dando alle potenze industriali il tempo di attrezzarsi e prepararsi. Inoltre, all’inizio non erano il principale combattente. È sufficiente dire che: Questi non sono vantaggi che gli Stati Uniti possiedono attualmente.

In caso di conflitto sino-americano su Taiwan, il tempo è un lusso che gli Stati Uniti potrebbero non avere. Come disse notoriamente un segretario alla Difesa: “Si va in guerra con l’esercito che si ha, non con quello che si potrebbe volere o desiderare di avere in un secondo momento”. Ciò è particolarmente vero quando si tratta della base industriale della difesa, che non può essere costruita dall’oggi al domani.

È incoraggiante notare la crescente consapevolezza del deterioramento della base industriale della difesa. E la preoccupazione è bipartisan. Legislatori ideologicamente diversi come il deputato Ro Khanna (D-CA) e il senatore Josh Hawley (R-MO), tra gli altri, hanno chiesto di rivitalizzare la base industriale della nazione per salvaguardare meglio gli interessi degli Stati Uniti.

I contratti pluriennali per le munizioni allevierebbero alcuni dei timori delle aziende, consentendo loro di produrre armi necessarie senza incorrere in rischi eccessivi. In effetti, una strategia di questo tipo è stata fondamentale per sfruttare la forza industriale degli Stati Uniti alla vigilia della Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Gli Stati Uniti devono incentivare l’industria, ridurre la burocrazia e promuovere l’innovazione.

“Spendere più soldi”, ha detto lo stratega della difesa Elbridge Colby, “non è necessariamente la risposta”. Lo è la concorrenza. Ed è qualcosa in cui l’America ha storicamente eccelso. Come osservò il ministro degli Esteri britannico Edward Grey durante la prima guerra mondiale: “L’America è come una caldaia gigante”: una volta acceso il fuoco, “non c’è limite alla potenza che può generare”. Quel fuoco deve essere acceso, e in fretta.

Come ha osservato Jacob Helberg, appena nominato commissario della Commissione di revisione economica e di sicurezza USA-Cina, “il declino dei posti di lavoro nel settore manifatturiero americano e l’ascesa della Cina come potenza manifatturiera” ha avuto “profonde conseguenze per la sicurezza nazionale degli Stati Uniti”. Nel 2021, ha lamentato, “è scioccante la dipendenza delle forze armate statunitensi dalla produzione cinese”. Gli Stati Uniti devono ridurre la loro dipendenza dalle capacità produttive di nazioni ostili. È una questione di buon senso che deve diventare più comune.

Gli ultimi anni hanno dimostrato l’importanza delle catene di approvvigionamento e la necessità di rifornire i materiali critici. Ciò comporterà maggiori investimenti iniziali. Ma significherà anche più posti di lavoro per gli Stati Uniti e per i principali alleati.

Infine, la definizione stessa di base industriale della difesa deve essere ampliata per includere settori diversi dagli armamenti. La crescente importanza dei metalli delle terre rare, che sono fondamentali per le tecnologie di difesa, è stata riconosciuta tardivamente. Ma la Cina ha una posizione di blocco nella produzione di farmaci di base, tra cui la penicillina e i farmaci per la pressione sanguigna, che le permette di chiudere gli ospedali statunitensi o di ostacolare la capacità di combattere delle flotte e degli uomini e donne americani.

Spetta ai funzionari e alle imprese statunitensi fare il necessario per evitare un disastro incombente. Come disse MacArthur al giornalista Theodore White nel 1940: “La storia del fallimento in guerra può essere riassunta in due parole: troppo tardi”: Troppo tardi”.

Pubblicato in: Amministrazione, Armamenti, Devoluzione socialismo, Geopolitica Militare, Russia

Cina. Lo yuan non colpito da sanzioni occidentali sostiene il rublo russo.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2023-01-31.

2023-01-26__ Yuan e Rublo 001

                         Il tetto alle esportazioni di greggio russo sta affamando il bilancio del presidente Vladimir Putin, anche se probabilmente non lo costringerà a ridurre le spese per anni grazie a una riserva di 45 miliardi di dollari in yuan. Le entrate sono crollate quando il mese scorso è entrato in vigore il limite di 60 dollari al barile imposto dal Gruppo dei Sette. Questo si è combinato con gli aumenti di spesa di Putin dopo l’invasione dell’Ucraina per contribuire a un deficit record a dicembre, con la miscela di punta russa Urals scambiata a soli 50 dollari, ovvero quasi un terzo in meno rispetto all’anno precedente.

                         Se l’Urals si aggira tra i 40 e i 50 dollari, le entrate saranno inferiori di ben 2,5 trilioni di rubli (36 miliardi di dollari) rispetto a quanto preventivato dal governo, il che significa che le vendite mensili di yuan dovrebbero essere più che triplicate rispetto a quelle previste a gennaio.

                         Lo yuan è l’unica valuta rimasta nelle riserve russe che può essere utilizzata per interventi sul mercato dei cambi, dopo il sequestro di circa 300 miliardi di dollari che includevano dollari ed euro dopo l’inizio della guerra quasi un anno fa. Il calcolo della durata delle riserve, pari a 310 miliardi di yuan (45 miliardi di dollari), fornisce una misura del disagio fiscale della Russia e permette di valutare la sua resistenza economica mentre la guerra si trascina.

                         Le recenti proposte includono un aumento dei dividendi delle aziende statali e un pagamento una tantum da parte dei produttori di fertilizzanti e carbone, oltre a un piano per tagliare alcune spese non legate alla difesa. Per l’intero anno 2022, il deficit fiscale ha raggiunto circa 3.300 miliardi di rubli, pari al 2,3% del prodotto interno lordo. Il deficit di quest’anno è previsto al 2%, sulla base di un prezzo del petrolio di 70 dollari al barile.

* * * * * * *

«The price cap on Russian crude oil exports is starving President Vladimir Putin’s budget of income, though it likely won’t force him to ratchet down spending for years thanks to a $45 billion buffer of yuan reserves. Revenue plunged when the Group of Seven’s $60 per barrel limit came into effect last month. It combined with Putin’s spending increases since the invasion of Ukraine to contribute to a record deficit in December, with Russia’s flagship blend Urals trading just around $50, or nearly a third less than a year earlier.»

«If Urals trades in the range of $40 to $50, revenue will fall as much as 2.5 trillion rubles ($36 billion) short of what the government budgeted, meaning»

«The yuan is the only currency remaining in Russian reserves that can be used for interventions in the foreign-exchange market following the seizure of about $300 billion in holdings that included dollars and euros after the war began almost a year ago. The calculus of how long the 310 billion yuan ($45 billion) in reserves might last provides a measure of Russia’s fiscal distress and allows its economic stamina to be gauged as the war drags»

«Recent proposals include higher dividends from state companies and a “one-time payment” by fertilizer and coal producers, alongside a plan to trim some non-defense spending. For the full year 2022, the fiscal gap reached about 3.3 trillion rubles, or 2.3% of gross domestic product. This year’s deficit is forecast at 2%, based on an oil price of $70 per barrel.»

* * * * * * *


Sanctions-Proof Yuan to Putin’s Rescue After Oil Cap Hits Budget

January 24, 2023.

(Bloomberg) — The price cap on Russian crude oil exports is starving President Vladimir Putin’s budget of income, though it likely won’t force him to ratchet down spending for years thanks to a $45 billion buffer of yuan reserves.

Revenue plunged when the Group of Seven’s $60 per barrel limit came into effect last month. It combined with Putin’s spending increases since the invasion of Ukraine to contribute to a record deficit in December, with Russia’s flagship blend Urals trading just around $50, or nearly a third less than a year earlier.

Still, should it average the same price, Russia has enough to cover its shortfall for the next three years, according to Bloomberg Economics. Citigroup Inc. sees the stash depleted in 2 1/2 years with Urals at that level.

If Urals trades in the range of $40 to $50, revenue will fall as much as 2.5 trillion rubles ($36 billion) short of what the government budgeted, meaning monthly yuan sales would have to be more than triple the amount expected in January, according to Natalia Lavrova of BCS Financial Group.

The jolt to the budget turned the spotlight on a fiscal mechanism revived this month and involving sales of yuan from Russia’s wealth fund when revenues are below the target set by the government.

The yuan is the only currency remaining in Russian reserves that can be used for interventions in the foreign-exchange market following the seizure of about $300 billion in holdings that included dollars and euros after the war began almost a year ago.

The calculus of how long the 310 billion yuan ($45 billion) in reserves might last provides a measure of Russia’s fiscal distress and allows its economic stamina to be gauged as the war drags on. And although the squeeze has become acute, Russia won’t burn through its stock of yuan assets this year unless Urals halves and averages $25, according to Bloomberg Economics.

Citigroup estimates it would only take an average price of $35 to deplete the available yuan resources already in 2023.

Other scenarios for Urals suggest Russia should tolerate pressure on the budget for much longer without reducing expenditure. An oil price above $60 would even allow the government to start adding to its yuan reserves.

“Russia might not want to run yuan reserves all the way down to zero, which could mean that FX sales will slow as reserves dip. In any case, these FX sales might buy authorities enough time to adjust to permanently lower energy-export revenues.”

Putin has said Russia is putting “no limitations” on military spending for the war in Ukraine, with budget expenditure surging by about a third in 2022 from what it planned before the invasion of Ukraine. Outlays are on track to remain around the same level in the coming year even as revenues come under pressure.

Russia’s budget hasn’t been so reliant on high oil prices for about a decade. It needed Urals to average $104 to balance the books last year and the break-even will decline to $90 in 2023 only if the government avoids spending increases, Bloomberg Economics estimates.

Though Russia faces narrowing options in shoring up public finances, oil prices and the drawdown of the wealth fund won’t alone determine Putin’s choices.

Recent proposals include higher dividends from state companies and a “one-time payment” by fertilizer and coal producers, alongside a plan to trim some non-defense spending. A windfall tax paid by Gazprom PJSC already helped sustain a budget surplus late last year.

For the full year 2022, the fiscal gap reached about 3.3 trillion rubles, or 2.3% of gross domestic product. This year’s deficit is forecast at 2%, based on an oil price of $70 per barrel.

Russia is also considering changes to the way it calculates taxes on oil to limit the plunge in budget revenue. The local bond market is another recourse available to the Finance Ministry, which staged record debt sales late last year to use up less of its wealth fund.

Other factors at play include a push by some European Union member states for a price cap even lower than the current $60. The US has so far argued in favor of keeping the threshold unchanged ahead of additional curbs on the trade in refined Russian fuel.

And while the price cap triggered record discounts on Russia’s oil-export blend — pushing it to trade at roughly half the price of international benchmark Brent — the effect may prove temporary, according to Dmitry Polevoy, a strategist at Locko-Invest in Moscow.

“The discount will remain, but will probably gradually decrease,” he said. “Logistical chains were already being redirected last year and they will change further this year amid the restrictions imposed.”

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Devoluzione socialismo, Geopolitica Militare

Iran. Nel sito di Fordow arricchisce l’uranio al 60%. Ovviamente per scopi pacifici.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2022-11-29.

2022-11-24__ Iran Uranio Arricchito 001

Oberati da un debito pubblico fuori controllo e da una inflazione galoppante gli Stati Uniti sono una larva economica che nello scacchiere internazionale ha perso irrimediabilmente l’egemonia economica e finanziaria.

Come se ciò non bastasse, gli Elettori hanno tranciato Joe Biden ed i liberal democratici conquistando il controllo del Congresso e relegando Joe Biden al ruolo di pappagallo impagliato posto nell’atrio della White House, inerte, chiuso nella sua demenza.

Nulla da stupirsi quindi se l’Iran fa

«a move that may annoy Western powers»

«una mossa che potrebbe infastidire le potenze occidentali».

Infastidire, nulla di più. Lo dicono loro.

I diktat di Joe Biden lasciano sovranamente indifferenti tutti gli stati del mondo e soprattutto l’Iran.

I media ex di regime li riportano come se fossero parole con un contenuto, cosa che non è. C’è solo da compatirli e sghignazzare alle loro spalle.

Pentagono. La vittoria russa porterebbe proliferazione nucleare. Mosca costruirà i droni iraniani.

Iran. Ccà nisciuno è fesso. Il vettore Ghaem-100.

Iran. I dimostranti si sono fidati dei liberal occidentali. È giusto che crepino.

Russia e Iran. Una alleanza che impensierisce sempre più la America.

Iran. La Unione Europea lo sanziona per la vendita dei droni alla Russia.

HESA Shahed 136. Drone kamikaze iraniano ad infimo costo.

Biden il demente parla e dice cose da demente. Non ascoltiamolo.

Grüne europei. Tornano disperati alla legna da ardere.

Enclave liberal socialista europea. Sta crepando sotto la inflazione. – Eurostat.

Cina, Russia ed Iran formano un blocco funzionale che insidia gli Stati Uniti.

Iran. L’occidente liberal spera nel petrolio con il Joint Complete Plan of Motion.

Iran. Ha chiesto di aderire al Gruppo Brics, Russia, Cina, India, Brasile, Sud Africa.

Brics. Si espandono ad Iran, Argentina, Egitto, Arabia Saudita e Turkia. Club energetico maggiore al mondo.

Iran. Ha chiesto di aderire al Gruppo Brics, Russia, Cina, India, Brasile, Sud Africa.

Dushanbe. Russia e Cina integrano l’Iran nello SCO. Altra débâcle irredimibile di Joe Biden.

* * * * * * *

                         L’Iran ha iniziato ad arricchire l’uranio al 60% di purezza nel suo sito nucleare sotterraneo di Fordow, hanno riferito martedì i media statali, una mossa che potrebbe infastidire le potenze occidentali che spingono Teheran a ridurre il suo lavoro nucleare riattivando un patto del 2015.

L’Iran sta già arricchendo l’uranio fino al 60 percento di purezza altrove, ben al di sotto del 90 percento circa necessario per ottenere materiale bellico, ma al di sopra del 20 percento che produceva prima dell’accordo del 2015 con le principali potenze per limitare l’arricchimento al 3.67 percento.

                         In una lettera all’Agenzia internazionale per l’energia atomica (AIEA), l’Iran ha informato l’agenzia di aver iniziato ad arricchire l’uranio al 60 per cento di purezza presso il sito di Fordow, utilizzando centrifughe avanzate IR-6. Teheran ha installato cascate di centrifughe avanzate più efficienti, come le IR-2m, IR-4 e IR-6. I colloqui indiretti tra Teheran e l’amministrazione del Presidente degli Stati Uniti Joe Biden per rilanciare l’accordo del 2015 sono in fase di stallo da settembre, con entrambe le parti che chiedono maggiore flessibilità.

* * * * * * *

«Iran has begun enriching uranium to 60 percent purity at its underground Fordow nuclear site, state media reported on Tuesday, a move that may annoy Western powers pushing Tehran to roll back its nuclear work by reviving a 2015 pact.

Iran is already enriching uranium to up to 60 percent purity elsewhere, well below the roughly 90 percent needed for weapons-grade material but above the 20 percent it produced before the 2015 agreement with major powers to cap enrichment at 3.67 percent.»

«In a letter to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Iran has informed the agency that it has started enriching uranium to 60 percent purity at Fordow site using IR-6 advanced centrifuges. Tehran installed cascades of more efficient advanced centrifuges, such as the IR-2m, IR-4 and IR-6. Indirect talks between Tehran and US President Joe Biden’s administration to revive the 2015 accord have been at a stalemate since September, with both sides demanding more flexibility.»

* * * * * * *


Iran to enrich Uranium to 60 percent purity at Fordow nuclear site.

Iran will also be building a new set of centrifuges at the site.

Dubai: Iran has begun enriching uranium to 60 percent purity at its underground Fordow nuclear site, state media reported on Tuesday, a move that may annoy Western powers pushing Tehran to roll back its nuclear work by reviving a 2015 pact.

Iran is already enriching uranium to up to 60 percent purity elsewhere, well below the roughly 90 percent needed for weapons-grade material but above the 20 percent it produced before the 2015 agreement with major powers to cap enrichment at 3.67 percent.

“In a letter to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Iran has informed the agency that it has started enriching uranium to 60 percent purity at Fordow site using IR-6 advanced centrifuges,” the semi-official ISNA news agency reported.

The IAEA’s 35-nation Board of Governors on Thursday passed a resolution ordering Iran to cooperate urgently with the agency’s investigation into uranium traces found at three undeclared sites, diplomats at the closed-door vote said.

The semi-official Fars news agency said Tehran had also started the process of “replacing the first-generation centrifuges (IR-1) with advanced IR-6 ones” at Fordow, a site buried inside a mountain.

The 2015 nuclear pact between Iran and six world powers lets Iran use only first-generation IR-1 centrifuges but, as the deal unraveled after then-President Donald Trump ditched it in 2018, Tehran installed cascades of more efficient advanced centrifuges, such as the IR-2m, IR-4 and IR-6.

In June, Reuters reported that Tehran was escalating its uranium enrichment further by preparing to use IR-6 centrifuges, which can easily switch between enrichment levels, at the Fordow site.

Iran’s SNN television network said Tehran had begun installing new cascades, or clusters, of advanced centrifuges at its Natanz and Fordow nuclear sites, adding that doing so was a “strong response” to the IAEA’s latest resolution.

“Iran has started the process of injecting gas into two cascades of IR-2m and IR-4 advanced centrifuges at the underground Natanz site,” SNN reported.

The IAEA resolution is the second this year targeting Iran over the investigation, which has become an obstacle to talks on reviving the 2015 Iran nuclear deal because Iran has demanded that the probe be ended.

Iran’s foreign ministry on Monday dismissed the resolution as “politically motivated.” Indirect talks between Tehran and US President Joe Biden’s administration to revive the 2015 accord have been at a stalemate since September, with both sides demanding more flexibility.

Iran’s crackdown on anti-government protests sparked by Mahsa Amini’s death in custody and the sale of drones to Russia have turned the United States’ focus away from reviving a nuclear deal, US special envoy for Iran Robert Malley said on Monday.

Iran denies selling drones to Russia for use in the Ukraine war.

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Geopolitica Militare, Russia

Conflitto ukraino. Situazione al 2022-10-23. – Reuters.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2022-10-24.

2022-09-04__ Svezia 001

                         Kyiv, 23 ottobre (Reuters) – I missili russi hanno colpito sabato l’energia ucraina e altre strutture, causando blackout in varie regioni. Con la guerra che sta per iniziare il suo nono mese e l’inverno che si avvicina, si profila la possibilità di un congelamento della miseria mentre la Russia continua ad attaccare la rete elettrica ucraina.

                         Migliaia di civili hanno lasciato Kherson dopo gli avvertimenti di un’offensiva ucraina per riconquistare la città. L’esercito ucraino ha dichiarato di aver guadagnato terreno mentre le sue forze si muovevano verso sud nella regione, conquistando almeno due villaggi che le truppe russe avrebbero abbandonato.

                         Dal 10 ottobre, la Russia ha lanciato attacchi devastanti alle infrastrutture elettriche ucraine, colpendo almeno la metà della produzione di energia termica e fino al 40% dell’intero sistema. I governatori hanno consigliato ai residenti di fare scorta d’acqua. I governatori hanno consigliato ai residenti di fare scorta d’acqua. Più di un milione di persone sono rimaste senza corrente. Alcune zone di Kiev hanno subito interruzioni di corrente fino a sera, e un funzionario comunale ha avvertito che gli attacchi potrebbero lasciare la capitale dell’Ucraina senza elettricità e riscaldamento per diversi giorni o settimane.

                         Le forze ucraine avevano abbattuto 20 missili e più di 10 droni Shahed di fabbricazione iraniana sabato. In precedenza, il comando delle forze aeree aveva dichiarato che 33 missili erano stati lanciati contro l’Ucraina, con 18 abbattuti.

* * * * * * *

«Kyiv, Oct 23 (Reuters) – Russian missiles pounded Ukrainian energy and other facilities on Saturday, causing blackouts in various regions. With the war about to start its ninth month and winter approaching, the potential for freezing misery loomed as Russia continued to attack Ukraine’s power grid.»

«Thousands of civilians have left Kherson after warnings of a Ukrainian offensive to recapture the city. Ukraine’s military said it was making gains as its forces moved south through the region, taking over at least two villages it said Russian troops had abandoned»

«Since Oct. 10, Russia has launched devastating salvos at Ukraine’s power infrastructure, hitting at least half its thermal power generation and up to 40% of the entire system. Governors advised residents to stock up on water. Governors advised residents to stock up on water. More than a million people were without power. Parts of Kyiv suffered power cuts into the evening, and a city official warned strikes could leave Ukraine’s capital without power and heat for “several days or weeks”.»

«Ukrainian forces had downed 20 missiles and more than 10 Iranian-made Shahed drones on Saturday. The air force command earlier had said 33 missiles had been fired at Ukraine, with 18 shot down»

* * * * * * *


Russian strikes cause blackouts in much of Ukraine, more flee Kherson

Kyiv, Oct 23 (Reuters) – Russian missiles pounded Ukrainian energy and other facilities on Saturday, causing blackouts in various regions, Kyiv said, while Russian occupation authorities in the southern city of Kherson urged civilians to evacuate.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said the Russian attacks had struck on a “very wide” scale. He pledged his military would improve on an already good record of downing missiles with help from its partners.

With the war about to start its ninth month and winter approaching, the potential for freezing misery loomed as Russia continued to attack Ukraine’s power grid.

In Kherson, a target for Ukraine’s aggressive counterattack to the invasion Russian President Vladimir Putin launched on Feb. 24, the occupation authorities instructed civilians to get out.

“Due to the tense situation at the front, the increased danger of massive shelling of the city and the threat of terrorist attacks, all civilians must immediately leave the city and cross to the (east) bank of the Dnipro!” occupation authorities posted on Telegram.

Thousands of civilians have left Kherson after warnings of a Ukrainian offensive to recapture the city.

At Oleshky on the opposite bank of the Dnipro, Reuters saw people arriving by river boat from Kherson, loaded with boxes, bags and pets. One woman carried a toddler under one arm and a dog under the other.

“I really didn’t want to (leave), I’m still in work,” one resident said. “We wanted to stay here in the region, but now we don’t know.”

Ukraine’s military said it was making gains as its forces moved south through the region, taking over at least two villages it said Russian troops had abandoned. Kherson links Ukraine to the Crimean Peninsula, which was annexed by Russia in 2014.

Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk said on Telegram: “Kherson region! Just a little bit more. Hang in there. The Ukrainian Armed Forces are at work.”

Reuters could not independently verify the accounts.

                         ‘MASS STRIKE’

Since Oct. 10, Russia has launched devastating salvos at Ukraine’s power infrastructure, hitting at least half its thermal power generation and up to 40% of the entire system.

Officials in a swath of regions on Saturday reported strikes on energy facilities and power outages as engineers scrambled to restore the network. Governors advised residents to stock up on water.

More than a million people were without power, said presidential adviser Kyrylo Tymoshenko. Parts of Kyiv suffered power cuts into the evening, and a city official warned strikes could leave Ukraine’s capital without power and heat for “several days or weeks”.

Presidential aide Mykhailo Podolyak said Moscow wanted to create a new wave of refugees into Europe with the strikes, while Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said on Twitter the attacks constituted genocide.

Moscow has acknowledged targeting energy infrastructure but denies targeting civilians.

Zelenskiy, in his nightly video address, said the “latest mass strike” affected regions in western, central and southern Ukraine.

“Of course we don’t have the technical ability to knock down 100% of the Russian missiles and strike drones. I am sure that, gradually, we will achieve that, with help from our partners. Already now, we are downing a majority of cruise missiles, a majority of drones.”

Ukrainian forces had downed 20 missiles and more than 10 Iranian-made Shahed drones on Saturday, he said. The air force command earlier had said 33 missiles had been fired at Ukraine, with 18 shot down.

No new developments were reported regarding the Nova Kakhovka dam. Zelenskiy on Friday urged the West to warn Moscow not to blow up the Russian-controlled dam on the Dnipro.

“Of course we don’t have the technical ability to knock down 100% of the Russian missiles and strike drones. I am sure that, gradually, we will achieve that, with help from our partners. Already now, we are downing a majority of cruise missiles, a majority of drones.”

Ukrainian forces had downed 20 missiles and more than 10 Iranian-made Shahed drones on Saturday, he said. The air force command earlier had said 33 missiles had been fired at Ukraine, with 18 shot down.

No new developments were reported regarding the Nova Kakhovka dam. Zelenskiy on Friday urged the West to warn Moscow not to blow up the Russian-controlled dam on the Dnipro.

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Geopolitica Militare

Emirati Arabi. Ordinati 60 Rafale alla Francia.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2021-12-05.

Emirati Arabi Uniti 003

«The United Arab Emirates ordered 80 Rafale fighter jets on Friday, the largest order ever for the warplane, a multi-billion dollar arms contract that deepens economic and political ties with France»

«French President Emmanuel Macron began a two-day trip to the Gulf on Friday, and will also visit Qatar and Saudi Arabia»

«His visit comes at a time when Gulf Arab states have voiced uncertainty about the United States’ focus on the region even as they seek more weapons from their key security ally»

«Paris has a permanent military base in the Emirati capital»

«In addition to the presence of three French military bases on UAE territory, this mutual trust translates into the acquisition of 80 Rafale planes, 12 Caracal helicopters, and associated elements»

«The deal, which could be worth at least $15 billion, is the biggest bulk purchase of the Dassault-made Rafale, other than by the French army, and comes after deals in Greece, Egypt and Croatia this year»

«Defence sources said the Rafale would replace the Mirage 2000 fleet and is unlikely to displace the American F-35 as the UAE continues to hedge its security with two major suppliers, France and the United States»

* * * * * * *

Questa è una commessa di elevato valore.

Gli United Arab Emirates percepiscono chiaramente che in caso di necessità i loro tradizionali alleati non muoverebbero un dito per difenderli. Nessuno più si fida dell’America e di Joe Biden.

* * * * * * *


Cementing ties, UAE buys 80 French-made Rafale warplanes

DubaI (Reuters) -The United Arab Emirates ordered 80 Rafale fighter jets on Friday, the largest order ever for the warplane, a multi-billion dollar arms contract that deepens economic and political ties with France.

French President Emmanuel Macron began a two-day trip to the Gulf on Friday, and will also visit Qatar and Saudi Arabia. His visit comes at a time when Gulf Arab states have voiced uncertainty about the United States’ focus on the region even as they seek more weapons from their key security ally.

The French leader has forged a good relationship with Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan (MBZ) with investments flowing between both countries. Paris has a permanent military base in the Emirati capital.

“In addition to the presence of three French military bases on UAE territory, this mutual trust translates into the acquisition of 80 Rafale planes, 12 Caracal helicopters, and associated elements,” the French presidency said in a statement after a signing ceremony between MBZ and Macron on the sidelines of the Dubai Expo 2020.

Dassault shares rose 6% on the announcement.

The deal, which could be worth at least $15 billion, is the biggest bulk purchase of the Dassault-made Rafale, other than by the French army, and comes after deals in Greece, Egypt and Croatia this year.

The on-off negotiations for the Rafale fighter jets have been going on for more than a decade with Abu Dhabi publicly rebuffing France’s offer to supply 60 Rafale jets in 2011 as “uncompetitive and unworkable.” Abu Dhabi already has Mirage warplanes.

Defence sources said the Rafale would replace the Mirage 2000 fleet and is unlikely to displace the American F-35 as the UAE continues to hedge its security with two major suppliers, France and the United States.

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Geopolitica Asiatica, Geopolitica Militare

Giappone. Aumenta di 6.75 miliardi Usd il budget della difesa.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2021-12-01.

2021-11-30__Japan 001

«Producer prices in Japan rose by 8.0% yoy in October 2021, the most since January 1981, …. amid surging commodity prices. Cost surged further for petroleum & coal products (44.5% vs 32.4% in September), iron & steel (21.8% vs 18.1%), chemicals (14.1% vs 12.7%) and non-ferrous metals (31.4% vs 27.0%).» [Fonte]

* * * * * * *

«Japan plans to add $6.75 billion to its already record annual military spending in a rush to bolster air and maritime defenses as it becomes more concerned about threats posed by China and North Korea»

«Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s government on Friday approved the outlay as part of a supplementary budget»

«While such additions to defense spending are common, the 774 billion yen that lawmakers will be asked to approve is the largest amount ever»

«As the security environment around Japan worsens at unprecedented speed, our urgent task is to accelerate the implementation of various projects»

«The cash injection will let Japan, three months earlier than planned, upgrade surface-to-air missile launchers on islands at the edge of the East China Sea and Patriot PAC-3 missile batteries elsewhere that are the last line of defense against any incoming North Korean warheads»

«China’s increasing pressure on Taiwan is causing jitters in Japan because Beijing’s control of the island would bring Chinese forces within around 100 kilometers (62 miles) of its territory and would threaten key maritime trade routes that supply Japan with oil and other goods»

«The extra spending will also let Japan more quickly acquire anti-submarine missiles, maritime patrol planes and military cargo jets»

* * * * * * *

Il Giappone è carico di problemi, tra i quali spicca la stagflazione.

Giappone. Demografia. Tassodi fertilità sceso a 1.34. È crisi devastante.

Giappone. Un vecchio ogni 1.8 giovani. Cina e Russia si leccano i baffi.

Giappone. 2021Q1. Pil -3.9% QoQ, Consumi Privati -6.0%.

Giappone. 2021Q1. Investimenti in impianti e macchiari -7.8 sul 2020Q1.

Giappone – PIL (Prodotto Interno Lordo) (Annuale) -3.0%. [2021-11-14]

* * * * * * *

Il Giappone non nutre fiducia che gli Stati Uniti li difendano in caso di aggressione, e Cina e Korea del Nord sono vicini scomodi, armati fino ai denti.

La conseguenza è semplice, ossia riarmarsi. Ma senza disporre di armi atomiche il suo potere deterrente sarà pur sempre misero.

Infine, a crisi demografica nel medio – lungo termine lavora tutto a favore della Cina, che alla fine occuperà delle isole spopolate.

* * * * * * *


Japan adds $6.75 billion to military budget in rush to bolster air and sea defenses

Tokyo (Reuters) Japan plans to add $6.75 billion to its already record annual military spending in a rush to bolster air and maritime defenses as it becomes more concerned about threats posed by China and North Korea.

Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s government on Friday approved the outlay as part of a supplementary budget. While such additions to defense spending are common, the 774 billion yen that lawmakers will be asked to approve is the largest amount ever, according to Japan’s Ministry of Defense.

“As the security environment around Japan worsens at unprecedented speed, our urgent task is to accelerate the implementation of various projects,” the Defense Ministry said in its spending proposal.

Japan’s Air Self-Defense Force’s F-15 fighter jets, one of the country’s key defenses, fly during a review after the graduation ceremony of the National Defense Academy on March 22, 2020.

The cash injection will let Japan, three months earlier than planned, upgrade surface-to-air missile launchers on islands at the edge of the East China Sea and Patriot PAC-3 missile batteries elsewhere that are the last line of defense against any incoming North Korean warheads.

China’s increasing pressure on Taiwan is causing jitters in Japan because Beijing’s control of the island would bring Chinese forces within around 100 kilometers (62 miles) of its territory and would threaten key maritime trade routes that supply Japan with oil and other goods. It would also provide China with bases for unfettered access to the western Pacific.

The extra spending will also let Japan more quickly acquire anti-submarine missiles, maritime patrol planes and military cargo jets, the Defense Ministry said.

The additional military outlay comes after Kishida’s ruling party in October included a goal of almost doubling defense spending to 2% of gross domestic product (GDP) in election pledges.

For decades the pacifist nation has stuck to a policy of keeping defense spending within 1% of GDP, easing concern both at home and overseas about any revival of the militarism that led Japan into World War II.

The additional spending plan approved by Kishida’s government on Friday also includes pre-payments to defense contractors for equipment to help them deal with coronavirus pandemic disruptions that have hurt their finances.

The proposed supplemental spending combined with defense outlays approved for the year to March 31 comes to about 1.3% of Japan’s GDP.

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Geopolitica Militare, Russia

Russia. Controllo militare dell’Artico. Le basi sono più importanti delle parole.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2021-06-13.

Franz Josef Land 001

Il controllo militare, economico e politico dell’Oceano Artico è diventato terreno di confronto tra le grandi potenze.

2021-05-23__ Franz Josef Land 002

Tra le pochissime isole, la Franz Josef Land è l’arcipelago più a nord di tutto il continente: il suo possesso è quindi vitale, sia come punto avanzato di avvistamento radar, sia come base missilistica  di interdizione a missili, aeroplani e navi.

«Franz Josef Land archipelago is the closest land to the North Pole in the eastern hemisphere (about 870 km to the North Pole).

It has been discovered in 1873 by the Austrian – Hungarian “Tegetthoff” expedition, under the leadership of Carl Weyprecht, who named the islands after Emperor Franz Joseph I.

The extremely northern position of the islands attracted expeditions of the pioneer age (late 19th – early 20th century), which usually saw Franz Josef Land as a useful advanced base for attempts to reach the North Pole.

The archipelago was more fully explored by expeditions such as one led by Nansen (who spent the winter of 1895–96 in Franz Josef Land).

In 1926 the islands were taken over by the Soviet Union, for research and military purposes; many of the Russian Polar stations are now abandoned, and the whole archipelago is given back to the wildlife. Polar Bears, walruses, arctic foxes, belugas and whales, and lots of Arctic birds.

Nowadays it is one of rare ‘wild’ places left on Earth – it is unpopulated except for one permanent Russian base.

The archipelago consists of 191 islands, mostly covered with a permanent ice cap. Islands of volcanic origin, including Alexandra Land, Prince George Land, Bell Island, Hooker Island, Prince Rudolf Island, Hall island…» [Ultima0thule]

* * * * * * *

2021-05-23__ Franz Josef Land Saint Nicholas Church 001


«Now Franz Josef Land is home to a Russian military base and the source of added tension in relations with the West»

«The US has once again accused Moscow of “militarising” the Arctic and the head of Russia’s Northern Fleet has told the BBC that Nato and US military activity in the region is “definitely” provocative and on a scale not seen since World War Two»

«The airfield has been upgraded to allow all kinds of planes to land all year round, though emerging on to the tarmac was like stepping on an ice rink»

«Less than 960km (600 miles) below the North Pole, conditions are extreme, with deep snowdrifts and blizzards even in mid-May»

«Even the structure of the base is meant to make a statement: it’s painted in the colours of the Russian flag, bright against the blank canvas all around»

«Known as Arctic Trefoil for its three-leaved shape, the base is the second of its kind in the Arctic – this one is meant for 150 soldiers.»

«But the main show is outside, where Bastion missile launchers raise and lower their firing mechanisms as a soldier in white camouflage stands guard, gun across his chest»

«The missile systems are “to destroy enemy ships”»

«The Northern Fleet put on a far greater show of strength earlier this year when three nuclear submarines smashed through the ice simultaneously, a manoeuvre never seen before»

«Such posturing is making the United States and Nato wary as Russia’s military presence in the region expands to a level not seen since the Cold War»

«we were bussed to a battlecruiser moored in the closed military town of Severomorsk. At 252 metres long, the nuclear-powered Peter the Great is the giant grey flagship of the Northern Fleet.»

«We see such activity as provocative so close to the Russian border where we have very important assets. By that, I mean nuclear forces»

«As the polar ice melts, removing a protective natural curtain, Russia’s long northern frontier will become vulnerable»

«Trade would include exports of the large oil and gas reserves beneath the sea here»

Nota.

Pyotr Velikiy è il nome russo dell’incrociatore atomico Pietro il Grande.

* * * * * * *

Aver costruito, tenuto in manutenzione ed in ottima efficienza bellica una sofisticata base militare in una zona dal clima così avverso significa aver messo a punto una congerie inenarrabile di mezzi: dagli abiti da indossare, a sistemi di arma operativi anche a -50°C, missili e rampe di lancio mobili atte a lavorare a quelle temperature. Per non menzionare anche i mezzi più umili ma indispensabili, quali i lubrificanti che non congelino.

Le beghe legali lascerebbero alquanto sorridenti: le armi comandano.

*


Russia flexes muscles in challenge for Arctic control.

Now Franz Josef Land is home to a Russian military base and the source of added tension in relations with the West.

The US has once again accused Moscow of “militarising” the Arctic and the head of Russia’s Northern Fleet has told the BBC that Nato and US military activity in the region is “definitely” provocative and on a scale not seen since World War Two.

                         Making the Arctic a priority for Russia

We were among the first foreign journalists taken to visit the facility on Alexandra Island, over two hours’ flight from Murmansk up over the Arctic.

The airfield has been upgraded to allow all kinds of planes to land all year round, though emerging on to the tarmac was like stepping on an ice rink.

Less than 960km (600 miles) below the North Pole, conditions are extreme, with deep snowdrifts and blizzards even in mid-May. For a while, rattling along in a military truck, I could make out nothing but white through the window.

In deepest winter the temperature drops to minus 50 degrees C and the soldiers occasionally have to head out in their vehicles to disperse the polar bears who amble right up to the base.

                         ‘Like a space station’

Even the structure of the base is meant to make a statement: it’s painted in the colours of the Russian flag, bright against the blank canvas all around.

Known as Arctic Trefoil for its three-leaved shape, the base is the second of its kind in the Arctic – this one is meant for 150 soldiers.

Ahead of a tour, the commander in charge said it was so high-tech and ecologically efficient it was “like a space station, just in the Arctic emptiness instead of in orbit”.

But the main show is outside, where Bastion missile launchers raise and lower their firing mechanisms as a soldier in white camouflage stands guard, gun across his chest.

The missile systems are “to destroy enemy ships,” another soldier said. They are “effective”, he informed us.

The Northern Fleet put on a far greater show of strength earlier this year when three nuclear submarines smashed through the ice simultaneously, a manoeuvre never seen before. On the same Arctic exercises, two fighter jets flew over the North Pole, refuelling in mid-air.

Such posturing is making the United States and Nato wary as Russia’s military presence in the region expands to a level not seen since the Cold War.

Nato’s spokeswoman confirmed that the alliance had stepped up its patrols and exercises, in response, she said, to a “more challenging security environment”.

                         Blaming Nato for build-up

But Russia doesn’t see things that way.

Before we were flown to the archipelago, we were bussed to a battlecruiser moored in the closed military town of Severomorsk. At 252 metres long, the nuclear-powered Peter the Great is the giant grey flagship of the Northern Fleet.

On board, the Fleet’s commander, Adm Alexander Moiseyev, addressed us in front of a portrait of Peter I, the Tsar who founded Russia’s navy and turned the country towards the West.

But he accused Nato forces and the US of military actions in the Arctic that increased the risk of conflict.

“There haven’t been so many of their forces here for years. Decades. Not since World War Two,” Adm Moiseyev countered, when I put it to him that Nato blamed Russia for the surge in tension. “We see such activity as provocative so close to the Russian border where we have very important assets. By that, I mean nuclear forces.”

As for the Russian build-up, the troops are returning to a region Russia abandoned in the 1990s when the Soviet Union fell apart.

“We’re just recreating the capacity to protect our borders, not to threaten anyone,” argues Lev Voronkov, an Arctic expert from MGIMO university. “After the USSR collapsed, even border posts in that region were left unmanned.”

That won’t be an option for much longer. As the polar ice melts, removing a protective natural curtain, Russia’s long northern frontier will become vulnerable.

                         Land of opportunity

As the Bastion missile launchers danced for the cameras on Alexandra Island, I spotted a Russian ice-breaker cutting through the frozen landscape in the distance. A smaller cargo ship followed in its wake and an iceberg loomed behind both of them.

The vessels were crawling along the northern shipping route that skirts the archipelago and that Russia hopes to develop and control as global warming makes it easier to navigate. Trade would include exports of the large oil and gas reserves beneath the sea here.

Admiral Moiseyev calls his troops the “main instrument” for protecting those economic interests, as well as Russia’s borders.

As competition begins to heat up, our visit to Franz Josef Land was a chance for Russia to flex some muscle and send a message: that its ambitions for the Arctic are great and growing and they are interests it’s ready to defend.

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Cina, Geopolitica Militare

Cina. I lanciatori dei missili ipersonici DF-17 sono diventati stealth.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2021-01-20.

DF-17 013

«The Dongfeng-17, is a Chinese solid-fuelled road-mobile medium-range ballistic missile that mounts the DF-ZF Hypersonic Glide Vehicle. The DF-17’s hypersonic armament gives China significant leverage over current conventional ABM’s due to the glide vehicle’s unpredictable ballistic trajectory.

The DF-17 along with the DF-ZF, was officially unveiled at the National Day military parade on 1 October 2019, making this China’s first operational hypersonic weapon systems and one of the world’s first to be put in full initial  ….

The biggest change however, is the obvious usage of a hypersonic glide vehicle rather than a conventional re-entry warhead(s) found in normal ballistic missiles and MIRVs. ….

The DF-ZF HGV operates in a different manner from normal ballistic missiles or even intercontinental ballistic missiles in the first place. Rather than firing and landing in a normal arc, the DF-17’s HGV suppresses its trajectory and accelerates to reach Mach 5.

Due to its extreme speed and suppressed/lower altitude trajectory, intercepting the glide vehicle with ABM shielding becomes far harder and more complex than that of a conventional re-entry vehicle. This is further complicated, as the gliding makes the DF-ZF far more maneuverable; extending both its range and avoiding potential ABM shielding.» [Fonte]

*

«China’s transporter erector launcher (TEL), which carries and fires DF-17 hypersonic missiles, has received a stealth camouflaged cover that makes it more challenging for the US and allies to identify via reconnaissance satellites»

Già il fatto di essere lanciabile da parte di un veicolo terrestre rende difficilmente identificabile il DF-17 da parte della sorveglianza satellitare avversa. Rendendo stealth il veicolo mobile terrestre si rende ancor più difficile la sua identificazione satellitare.

Tenendo con che il missile viaggia a bassa quota alla velocità massima di Mach 5 (~6,000 km/h), il DF-17 colpisce un bersaglio a 2,000 km in poco meno di venti minuti primi. Non solo, il missile è in grado di mutare rotta ed eseguire manovre di disimpegno, fatto questo che lo rende quasi non intercettabile.

Adesso che anche il lanciatore è diventato stealth, tutto questo sistema d’arma sta assumendo una notevole potenzialità dissuasiva.

Si noti come il DF-17 abbia un raggio di azione che include Taiwan.

*


China Makes It Harder For US Spy Satellites To Spot Hypersonic Missiles

China’s transporter erector launcher (TEL), which carries and fires DF-17 hypersonic missiles, has received a stealth camouflaged cover that makes it more challenging for the US and allies to identify via reconnaissance satellites, according to state-run newspaper Global Times

TEL is a ground-based vehicle with an integrated prime mover (tractor unit) that can carry and elevate a DF-17 into a firing position. 

The upgraded TEL was spotted in a video celebrating the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Rocket Force last week and was published initially on the Chinese website 81.cn. 

According to the video, the camouflaged missile transporter has a hypersonic missile encased inside a shell as it traverses desert terrain. 

Shanghai-based news website eastday.com said the TEL is an upgraded version specifically for hauling DF-17s. 

The PLA debuted the DF-17 during a military parade in late 2019. At the time, the TEL hauling the DF-17 had no cover and the entire missile was exposed. 

Camouflaged missile transporters come as DF-17s are being fielded at military installations in Southeast China. 

The missiles have already been deployed in the Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, which are in striking range of Taiwan. 

Beijing’s increased militarization of its southeast coast is very suggestive of preparations for an invasion. 

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Geopolitica Europea, Geopolitica Militare, Russia

Turkia. Comprerebbe altri S-400 dalla Russia. Non male per un paese Nato.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2020-08-28.

Istanbul 004

Mr Putin sembrerebbe essere un prestigiatore: ha generato quasi dal nulla un sistema come gli S-400 e quindi li ha tramutati in un affilato strumento diplomatico e politico.

«Russia is likely to sign a contract for delivery of an additional batch of its S-400 missile systems to Turkey next year»

Ovvio che l’occidente lo odi: è un russo che sta facendo gli interessi della Russia.

*


Turkia. In arrivo la seconda consegna di S-400. 2019-08-28.

«The S-400 is a massive upgrade to the S-300, its predecessor which was recently sent to Syria.

Because of its capabilities, several countries including China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, India and Qatar have said they are willing to buy the S-400.

Almost every government that announced it was planning to buy the system was threatened with some kind of diplomatic retaliation from the US, NATO or adversaries.

The reason for this blowback, according to several experts Al Jazeera interviewed, is not only because the S-400 is technologically advanced, it also poses a potential risk for long-standing alliances. ….

The S-400 is among the most advanced air defence systems available, on par with the best the West has to offer, …. Its radars and other sensors, as well as its missiles, cover an extensive area – the radar has a range of at least 600km for surveillance, and its missiles have ranges of up to 400km, ….

It’s precise and it manages to track a very large number of potential targets, including stealth targets. ….»

*


Turkia. Arrivati i primi Sistemi S-400. 2019-07-12.

«Volenti o nolenti però, si apre adesso un severo problema del settore meridionale della Nato, e proprio con la Turkia che ha il controllo dei Dardanelli.

L’Unione Europea è adesso compresa tra le basi russe di Kalinigrad e quelle turke di Murted. Forse, Frau Merkel potrebbe anche mobilitare il proprio esercito di frombolieri armati con le nuove catapulte che tirano massi anche a cinquecento metri. Ferma posizione delle front-hole tedesche: non gliela daremo più.»

*


S-400. Arma militare e diplomatica in Turkia ed in India.

«I russi hanno un segreto che nessuno è mai riuscito a violare. Come siano riusciti a concepire, progettare, costruire e rendere operativi un così grande numero di sistemi missilistici allo stato dell’arte ed il tutto in così poco tempo ed infine a costi irrisori»


9M729, Iskander, Kalibr, S-400, S500. Putin è un gran costruttore di missili.

Cina. Dispiegati nel sud-est asiatico gli S-400 russi.

Medio Oriente. La Russia fornirà sistemi S-400 all’Arabia Saudita.

Turkia. Firmato contratto S-400. Si dice siano già operativi.

*


Nelle abili mani di Mr Putin il sistema di missili anti oggetti volanti S-400 sta transitando da arma temibile a strumento diplomatico. Come arma, l’S-400 sarebbe in grado di intercettare ed abbattere aerei, droni, e missile anche ipersonici con una portata riferita di circa 400 km. Come strumento diplomatico è un mezzo molto utile per gratificare i paesi amici e per stuzzicare l’amicizia degli incerti. Poi, dotarsi di S-400 conferisce allo stato possessore una supremazia locoregionale nei confronti dei paesi viciniori.

Questi sistemi di arma erano una volta appannaggio dei soli Stati Uniti, che li avevano concessi a terzi con grande morigeratezza. Adesso la concorrenza russa inizia a farsi sentire pesantemente.

*


Russia and Turkey likely to sign S-400 missile deal next year: Ifax.

Russia is likely to sign a contract for delivery of an additional batch of its S-400 missile systems to Turkey next year, the Interfax news agency cited Sergei Chemezov, head of state conglomerate Rostec, as saying on Sunday.

Turkey bought a batch of the missile systems from Russia last year, leading to its suspension by Washington from the U.S. F-35 stealth fighter jet programme. The United States has said that Turkey risks U.S. sanctions if it deploys the Russian-made S-400s.

Pubblicato in: Armamenti, Geopolitica Militare, Stati Uniti

Polonia. Ospiterà altri 1,000 soldati Usa ed il Quartier generale dello US Army V Corps.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2020-08-21.

Polonia 001

«The US has signed a deal with Poland to begin the redeployment of American troops from Germany to the Eastern European country»

«The agreement also makes Poland the new headquarters of the US Army V Corps.»

«Under the pact, another 1,000 US troops will be sent to Poland in addition to the 4,500 soldiers already stationed there»

«The deal also grants the US access to Polish military installations and allows for the modernization of existing facilities and capabilities in Poland»

«Several military commands will also be moved out of Germany»

«In July, the US Department of Defense announced plans to withdraw around 12,000 US military personnel from Germany, reducing its troop presence there from 36,000 to 24,000. Nearly 5,600 service members will be redeployed to NATO countries, including Poland, with 6,400 to return to the US.»

«Pompeo and Polish Defense Minister Mariusz Blaszczak signed the deal, known as the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA), at the Presidential Palace in Warsaw»

* * * * * * *

La Germania è diventata un alleato scarsamente affidabile.

Ha smantellato quasi completamente le sue forze armate, ha ad oggi poco meno che cinquanta carri armati efficienti, e versa alla Nato quote ridicolmente irrisorie. In cambio pretenderebbe che a difenderla da una invasione fossero gli alleati, nell’ottica che tale invasione dovrebbe inevitabilmente portare allo scontro atomico.

Il risultato è semplice: nessuno ha intenzione di morire per Berlino.

La Polonia, che ben ha conosciuto i russi nella fattispecie dei comunisti, ha accolto a braccia aperte le truppe americane e, soprattutto, gli elevati comandi operativi.

Nei fatti, la Nato fa avanzare la propria frontiera operativa subito a ridosso dei paesi nell’orbita politica e militare russa.

*


Pompeo signs deal to move US troops from Germany to Poland.

The US has signed a deal with Poland to begin the redeployment of American troops from Germany to the Eastern European country. The agreement also makes Poland the new headquarters of the US Army V Corps.

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has sealed an agreement with Poland to boost the number of American troops in the eastern EU member state.

Under the pact, another 1,000 US troops will be sent to Poland in addition to the 4,500 soldiers already stationed there. The deal also grants the US access to Polish military installations and allows for the modernization of existing facilities and capabilities in Poland.

“This is going to be an extended guarantee: a guarantee that in case of a threat our soldiers are going to stand arm-in-arm,” Polish President Andrzej Duda said on Saturday during the signing ceremony. 

“It will also serve to increase the security of other countries in our part of Europe.”

Several military commands will also be moved out of Germany, among them the US Army V Corps overseas headquarters. It will be based in Poland from next year.

US to withdraw 12,000 military personnel from Germany

In July, the US Department of Defense announced plans to withdraw around 12,000 US military personnel from Germany, reducing its troop presence there from 36,000 to 24,000. Nearly 5,600 service members will be redeployed to NATO countries, including Poland, with 6,400 to return to the US.

The decision followed repeated complaints from President Donald Trump that Berlin wasn’t spending enough on defense or contributing its share to NATO coffers.

Pompeo and Polish Defense Minister Mariusz Blaszczak signed the deal, known as the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA), at the Presidential Palace in Warsaw. The US diplomat is wrapping up a tour of Central Europe, which included visits to the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovenia.