Brics. Il Summit di settembre a Xiamen. Ripudio dell’Occidente.

Giuseppe Sandro Mela.

2017-08-25.

Abbiamo già riferito del Simposio di Quanzhou, preparatorio al Summit dei Brics da tenersi a Xiamen il 3  5 settembre prossimo.

Cina. Quanzhou. I Brics decidono cosa farsene dell’Occidente.

«Delegates to a BRICS seminar, organised by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the southeast city of Quanzhou analysed and debated the Chinese model of rapid development as the template for the rapid growth, especially of the global South»

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«It highlights the theme: “BRICS: stronger partnership for a brighter future.”»

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«BRICS members account for about 23 per cent of the world economy, and contributed to more than half of global growth in 2016»

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«Peking University professor and former World Bank chief economist Justin Lin Yifu pointed out at the seminar that among nearly 200 developing economies since the end of the Second World War, only two have transitioned from low-income to high-income economies, with China possibly emerging as the third by 2025»

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«He attributed the failure to avoid either the middle-income or low income trap, to pursuit of western mainstream economic theories — structuralism, and neoliberalism. He stressed that a right balance between the role of the market and the state was required to achieve breakthroughs, Xinhua reported»

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«Mr. Lin highlighted that the “secret of China’s success is its use of both ‘invisible hand’ and ‘visible hand,'”. He added that technological innovation and industrial upgrading can proceed smoothly, only when the market and the state played their complementary roles»

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«The weak hatchling will never take off if it depends on government aid, financial grants, and welfare allowances»

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Molte le novità. Se riporteremo solo alcune.

In primo luogo, si constata come nel 1990 il pil nominale cine ammontasse a 398.623 miliardi Usd, mentre nel 2016 tale valore era salito a 11,218.281: è aumentato di ventotto volte. Per comparazione il pil nominale in tale lasso di tempo è cresciuto di 6.9 volte in India, 3.1 volte negli Stati Uniti e di 2.2 volte in Germania.

In secondo luogo, si constata come in Cina l’accesso al potere politico avvenga tramite una selezione strettamente meritocratica all’interno del Pcc, vera e propria fucina di idee politiche, economiche e sociali. La Cina non ha bisogno alcuno né del suffragio universale né del concetto occidentale di “democrazia“. I politici cinesi hanno un tasso culturale che surclassa quello dei loro omologhi occidentali, e che consente di concepire e perseguire programmi strategici. I politici cinesi non necessitano di essere simpatici alla maggioranza, né ne sono schiavi. Una sorta di concezione platonica della politica.

In terzo luogo, la Cina ha gelosamente custodito il suo retaggio storico, culturale e sociale che ha retto per oltre quaranta secoli. Non ha permesso alle ong occidentali di infiltrarsi nel suo tessuto sociale. Non solo. La legge sul matrimonio della Repubblica popolare cinese definisce il matrimonio come unione tra un uomo e una donna, richiede ai genitori che adottano bambini dalla Cina di essere uniti in matrimoni eterosessuali. Se fino al 1997 l’omosessualità era considerata reato penale, mentre la sua militanza tuttora lo è, le disposizioni penali sul teppismo comprendono l’omosessualità.

In quarto luogo, la Cina rigetta, e quindi non segue le “mainstream economic theories“. In particolare il debito sovrano ammonta al 42.61% del pil nominale in Cina, 15.94% in Russia, 78.32% in Brasile, 69.54% in India, e 50.47% in Sud Africa.

In quinto luogo, constata come “technological innovation and industrial upgrading” abbiano un senso solo quando il mercato le richieda, per cui la Cina le introduce esclusivamente al bisogno.

In sesto luogo, vi è un fermo rigetto dei “government aid, financial grants, and welfare allowances“. E questo è una grossolana differenza con i paesi occidentali che pone i cinesi ed i Brics in antitesi con la Weltanscahuung liberal democratica.

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Concludendo.

È significativo il titolo con cui il The Hindu tratta del prossimo Summit di Xiamen.

Ahead of Xiamen summit, BRICS discuss new rules of global governance

I Brics si apprestano a dettare al mondo, Occidente compreso, le nuove regole del governo globale, e queste saranno l’opposto di quelle propugnate dall’Occidente.

Per ulteriori approfondimenti 林毅夫.

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→ The Hindu. 2017-08-18. Ahead of Xiamen summit, BRICS discuss new rules of global governance

The BRICS summit is being held in China’s coastal city of Xiamen from September 3-5. It highlights the theme: “BRICS: stronger partnership for a brighter future.”

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As the countdown for the September summit of the Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (BRICS) grouping begins, scholars, academics and government officials have been brainstorming ways in which the emerging economies can set the global agenda, based on new rules of governance.

Delegates to a BRICS seminar, organised by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the southeast city of Quanzhou analysed and debated the Chinese model of rapid development as the template for the rapid growth, especially of the global South.

The BRICS summit is being held in China’s coastal city of Xiamen from September 3-5. It highlights the theme: “BRICS: stronger partnership for a brighter future.”

BRICS members account for about 23 per cent of the world economy, and contributed to more than half of global growth in 2016.

Peking University professor and former World Bank chief economist Justin Lin Yifu pointed out at the seminar that among nearly 200 developing economies since the end of the Second World War, only two have transitioned from low-income to high-income economies, with China possibly emerging as the third by 2025.

He attributed the failure to avoid either the middle-income or low income trap, to pursuit of western mainstream economic theories — structuralism, and neoliberalism. He stressed that a right balance between the role of the market and the state was required to achieve breakthroughs, Xinhua reported.

Mr. Lin highlighted that the “secret of China’s success is its use of both ‘invisible hand’ and ‘visible hand,'”. He added that technological innovation and industrial upgrading can proceed smoothly, only when the market and the state played their complementary roles.

Robert Kuhn, a China expert from the United States, focused on the pursuit of “Four Comprehensives” by Chinese leaders as an overarching framework to achieve rapid development goals. The “Four Comprehensives” cover efforts to pursue a moderately prosperous society, reform, rule of law and Party discipline, he observed.

While acknowledging China’s success, most participants also underscored that there is no one-size-fits-all development model that can be fully replicated to achieve growth. Essop Goolam Pahad, the editor of South Africa’s Thinker Magazine, pointed out that a change of mindset was essential as communities and their leader must believe that development is possible, whatever the odds. “The weak hatchling will never take off if it depends on government aid, financial grants, and welfare allowances,” he observed.

The brainstorming in Quanzhou has been preceded by a conference, earlier this month of the BRICS trade minister in Shanghai, which focused on the continued relevance of globalisation. In the wake of protectionist sentiments in the U.S. and Europe, it underscored the need for a united stand of the emerging economies against protectionism, and backing for a multilateral trade system.

In late July, a BRICS security meeting was held in Beijing, with discussions on global governance, anti-terrorism, the internet, energy, national security and development. A month earlier, finance ministers and central bank governors agreed to strengthen cooperation in several fiscal and financial areas, including the BRICS New Development Bank and regulatory collaboration.